Mains-powered units suit permanent installations near an outlet. A 12V battery setup works well for remote fence lines, while solar charging can help maintain an off-grid battery system with suitable sunlight and system sizing.

Published distances are guides for correctly installed fences. Actual performance depends on grounding, wire resistance, vegetation, insulation, weather, and the number of fence strands.

A complete system normally needs conductor wire or polywire, compatible insulators and posts, a dedicated grounding system, connection leads, warning signs where required, and a fence tester for routine checks.